杀虫剂和头部损伤会增加帕金森病的发病风险

一项研究表明帕金森病患病风险会因杀虫剂和头部损伤而增加。研究表明帕金森病的发病风险会根据暴露水平的增加而增加。 

两种潜在的因子的程度因不同病人而不同。职业和环境医学杂志的研究作者说，“头部损伤可由身体接触类运动造成，比如，拳击。这种损伤是可以避免的。而杀虫剂可能会对头部造成类似的损伤。然而我们正在研究其他方面的因素，因此未来可确定更多的潜在危险因子。” 

暴露于低水平杀虫剂的病人患帕金森病的可能性是阴性对照组的1.13倍。而那些暴露于高水平杀虫剂的病人患病的可能是阴性对照的1.41倍。 

那些曾有头部敲击后失去知觉经历的人们与没有此经历的对照组相比，为后者的1.35倍，而那些经常失去知觉的人患病机率是对照组的2.53倍。 

本次欧洲委任的研究是目前最大规模的案例-控制的帕金森病或退行性帕金森综合症遗传、环境与职业方面危险因子的研究。研究涉及苏格兰、意大利、瑞典、罗马尼亚及马尔塔的959例帕金森相关疾病案例（其中767例是帕金森病）和1989例对照。病例的确定按照英国帕金森病诊断标准来执行。那些药物诱导或痴呆的病人已经被排除。 

此项研究的调查表包括调查研究对象整个生命周期职业和生活中溶剂、杀虫剂、铁、铜和锰的暴露史等。整个研究结果对年龄、性别、国籍、吸烟史等因素作了调整。

A study has shown that the risk of Parkinson´s disease increases with pesticide exposure and traumatic head injury. 

And the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease increases according to the level of exposure, the results showed. The two risk factors are potentially modifiable, the authors of the study, published online ahead of print in the journal Occupational and Environmental Medicine, say. Head trauma resulting from contact sports such as boxing can be avoided and further research could identify more specifically which pesticides are associated with this effect, so that these agents can be substituted. 

People who had been exposed to low levels of pesticides were found to be 1.13 times as likely to have Parkinson’s disease compared with those who had never been exposed. Those who had been exposed to high levels of pesticides were 1.41 times as likely to be affected. 

Parkinson’s disease occurred 1.35 times more frequently in people who had been knocked unconscious once compared with those who had never been knocked out, and arose 2.53 times more frequently in those who had been knocked out more frequently. 

The European Commission funded study is one of the largest case-control studies to date of genetic, environmental and occupational risk factors for Parkinson’s disease or other degenerative parkinsonian syndromes. It involved 959 prevalent cases of parkinsonism (767 with Parkinson’s disease) and 1989 controls recruited in Scotland, Italy, Sweden, Romania and Malta. Cases were defined using the UK Parkinson’s Disease Society Brain Bank criteria. Patients with drug-induced or vascular parkinsonism or dementia were excluded. 

Subjects completed a questionnaire regarding their lifetime occupational and recreational exposure to solvents, pesticides, iron, copper and manganese. Their lifetime exposure was then estimated blind to disease status and the results were adjusted, as appropriate, for age, sex, country of residence, tobacco use, ever having been knocked unconscious and family history of Parkinson’s disease.